What Actually Is Wine?

From the vibrant citrus of a Sauvignon Blanc to the rich, dark power of a Barossa Shiraz, it’s all grapes — just different grapes, regions, and winemaking techniques at play.

In this guide, we break down the basics to help you sip smarter and understand what’s really in your glass.

One of the first questions many new wine lovers ask is: what makes a wine red, white, or rosé? It all comes down to how the grapes are handled.

• Red wine is made by fermenting the juice with the grape skins still in contact. This process gives the wine its deep colour, tannins, and structure — that dry, grippy feeling you get on your gums.

• White wine is typically made by fermenting the juice without the skins, resulting in lighter, crisper flavours.

• Rosé wine is created when the skins are left with the juice for a short period — just long enough to impart a beautiful pink hue and a little extra flavour.
  

Fun fact: Contrary to popular belief, you can't simply mix red and white wine together to make rosé — at least, not legally in most quality winemaking regions!

Decanting wine might seem like a fancy ritual, but it serves a real purpose. Pouring wine into a decanter helps two things happen:

• Young wines (especially bold reds) soften and become more approachable.

• Older wines separate from any sediment that may have formed over time.

Letting wine breathe for 20–30 minutes can dramatically enhance its aromas and flavours. No decanter? No worries. A clean glass jug or carafe works just as well for casual occasions.

If you’ve ever wondered why some wines feel "dry" or a little "puckery," you're tasting tannins.

Tannins are natural compounds found in grape skins, seeds, and stems. They provide structure, balance, and can help wines age gracefully over time. You’ll notice stronger tannins in wines like Cabernet Sauvignon and Nebbiolo, while varietals like Pinot Noir or Grenache are usually softer and more fruit-driven.

Good to know: tannins aren't scary! They add complexity and depth, especially when paired with the right foods (hello, steak and Cab Sauv!).

You’ve probably seen wine drinkers give their glass a little swirl before sipping. It’s not just for show — swirling wine helps oxygen interact with the liquid, releasing aromatic compounds and opening up the wine's full bouquet.

This simple motion enhances your tasting experience, especially with bold, young wines.

Pro tip: Always hold your wine glass by the stem. It keeps fingerprints off the glass, prevents warming the wine with your hand, and honestly, it just looks more elegant.

Whether you're just starting your wine journey or looking to refine your skills, here are some quick tips:

• Serve reds slightly cooler than room temperature. Aim for 16–18°C for rich reds and 12–14°C for lighter styles like Pinot Noir.

• Don’t overchill your whites. Cold temperatures can mute the wine's aromas and flavours. A slight chill is perfect.

• Smell before you sip. About 80% of what you perceive as taste comes from your sense of smell. Give your glass a swirl, take a sniff, and enjoy the experience.

Wine is all about exploration and enjoyment. Whether you’re reaching for a zesty white, a silky rosé, or a bold red, understanding the basics can make every glass more rewarding.

So next time you sip, swirl, and savour — you’ll know exactly what's happening in that beautiful glass of wine.